Name:
Phonetics www9
At the PhonLinks site, go to the section titled "Chapter 3," click on the first highlighted site, and begin the following questions.
1. A stop consonant has a stable articulation (articulators do not move during the articulation of the stop). True or False.
2. The active articulator in the production of the stop [d] is
a. the teeth b. the tongue blade c. the alveolar ridge
3. The passive articulator in the production of the stop [d] is
a. the teeth b. the tongue blade c. the alveolar ridge
4. Syllable-final stops in English are usually
a. aspirated b. released c. unreleased
5. Which of the following words demonstrate "nasal release" in which the stop is absorbed into the nasal?
a. sudden b. smitten c. waiting d. Japan
6. Which of the following words demonstrate "lateral release" in which the stop is absorbed into the lateral approximant?
a. Modell b. little c. atlas d. motel
7. In both nasal and lateral release, there is no intervening vowel between the released consonant and the following nasal or lateral. True or False.
8. In Figure 3.4, which shows the timing of the release of [p] and [t] in the word apt,
voicing ceases
a. upon alveolar closure for [t] b. upon labial closure for [p]
9. Figure 3.4 shows that the release of [p]
a. takes place before the closure for [t]
b. is 'eaten up by' the closure for [t]
10. From what you've read so far, would you characterize an utterance as made up of:
a. a string of phones each articulated separately from its neighbors in its own time frame
b. a string of phones that overlap each other in articulation
At the same website, move on to "Next: Timing in stops"
11. In the production of a tap, the vocal cords ___________ stop vibrating.
a. always b. never c. rarely
12. Both /t/ and /d/ are rendered as taps in American English when uttered in the context v@ __ v& (between a stressed and unstressed vowel). If this is the case, how do you think latter might be distinguished from ladder?
13. In a stop, vocal cord vibration begins simultaneously with the release of the stop.
14. In a stop, vocal cord vibration continues throughout the stop.
15. In a stop, vocal cord vibration begins during the closure.
16. In a stop, vocal cord vibration begins after some delay.
17. The moment at which voicing starts relative to the release of the closure is known as
.
18. Aspiration characterizes which of the following English words?
a. bay b. pay c. play d. spay
19. Ladefoged notes that "The amount of voicing in each of the stops [b,d,g] depends on the context in which it occurs." If voicing does not always distinguish syllable-initial [b,d,g] from [p,t,k] in English, what does?
20. What happens to a consonant that immediately follows an aspirated stop?